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 Biosurfactants

Biosurfactants are surface-active substances produced by microorganisms like bacteria, yeast, and fungi. They reduce surface and interfacial tension between individual molecules at the surface and are biodegradable, eco-friendly, and effective at extreme conditions.

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Glycolipids

  • Rhamnolipids

    • Produced by: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    • Applications: Oil recovery, bioremediation, cosmetics

  • Sophorolipids

    • Produced by: Candida bombicola

    • Applications: Detergents, personal care products

  • Trehalolipids

    • Produced by: Mycobacterium spp.

    • Applications: Pharmaceutical and medical fields

Lipopeptides and Lipoproteins

  • Surfactin

    • Produced by: Bacillus subtilis

    • Very powerful surface tension reducer

    • Applications: Antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-tumor uses

  • Iturin and Fengycin

    • Produced by: Bacillus spp.

    • Applications: Agriculture, biocontrol (antifungal activity)

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Phospholipids and Fatty Acids

  • Less efficient as surfactants

  • Found in the cell membrane

  • Applications: Used in emulsification, oil spill clean-up

Polymeric Biosurfactants

  • Emulsan (from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)

  • Liposan (from Candida lipolytica)

  • Emulsification of hydrocarbons

  • Use in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries

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